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Wednesday, April 1, 2020

MDM - Sepsis


[##]-year-old [male/female] with [altered mental status/fever/weakness/etc.] with history and exam consistent with sepsis from [unclear infectious source/pneumonia/urinary tract infection (UTI)/etc.].

Patient felt to have symptoms concerning for a potential infection based on [fever (temperature ≥100.4°F)/elevated heart rate (>90)/elevated respiratory rate (>20 or PaCO2 < 32 mmHg)] noted at time of initial triage.  Labs were obtained to include a lactate level, CBC, and blood cultures, and were notable for [leukocytosis (>12,000/mm3)/leukopenia (<4,000/mm3)/bandemia (>10% bands)] concerning for systemic inflammatory response (SIRS).  The patient was noted to have an initial lactate that was [within normal limits/minimally/moderately/significantly elevated]. 

We considered possible respiratory sources for infection and obtained a chest x-ray [and additional imaging], which was [notable for pneumonia/unremarkable].  We considered possible urinary sources of infection and obtained a urinalysis and urine culture, which was [notable for findings suggestive of a UTI/unremarkable].  We considered possible soft tissue sources for infection [and noted findings on the LOCATION consistent with cellulitis/abscess/fasciitis].  We considered [additional infectious sources] and obtained [additional testing] which was [notable for FINDING/noted to be unremarkable].

Based on findings SIRS criteria and [presumed infectious source], the patient was felt to meet criteria for sepsis.  Broad spectrum antibiotic coverage was initiated within 3 hours of ED triage with [antibiotics used].  Resuscitation with crystalloids IV [was initiated as a 30 mL/kg bolus/was initiated as ### mL boluses due to patient’s history of heart failure/etc.].  Vasopressors [were/were not] felt to be indicated due to [ability/inability] to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) of ≥65 mmHg [after/despite] crystalloid boluses.  The patient was felt to have [no] evidence of septic shock based on [no/vasopressor requirement to maintain MAP ≥65 mmHg and/or serum lactate >2 mmol/L despite resuscitation with crystalloids/without evidence of hypovolemia].

Patient noted to have a qSOFA score of [##] suggestive of [<1 patient who is not high risk for poor outcome/≥2 high risk of poor outcome], so the patient was felt to meet criteria for admission to [general floor with telemetry/step down unit/ICU].  We discussed presumed diagnosis of [unknown/infectious source] with findings concerning for sepsis with the [patient/family/caregiver].  We discussed plan for admission for further treatment, and the [patient/family/caregiver] demonstrated understanding and agreement with this plan.

We discussed the case with Dr. [Name] who agreed with need for admission to the [general floor with telemetry/step down unit/ICU] for further treatment of [infection and sepsis].

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